HOW AND WHERE TO LOOK IT UP
RESOURCES FOR RESEARCHING THE HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, WEST VIRGINIA. ©2001
William D. Theriault, Ph.D.
17434 Virginia Ave.
Hagerstown, MD 21740
WMTheriault@myactv.net
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16. Archaeology
Numerous archeological investigations have been conducted in Jefferson County, with the majority of them focusing on the area within Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Some effort has been made to compare the material culture of Harpers Ferry and Shepherdstown based on the results of archeological studies conducted at both locations. (See Domestic Responses to Nineteenth Century Industrialization.) However, broader studies have not yet been undertaken that place local findings in the context of those from Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Shenandoah Valley.

General Sources

Davis, R. P. Stephen. Bibliography of West Virginia Archeology. Morgantown: West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey, 1978.

Hulse, Charles A. A Collection-based Reconnaissance Survey of Jefferson County, West Virginia: A Confidential Report in Prehistoric Archaeology. West Virginia Department of Culture and History. Charles Town, WV, 1987.

Hulse, Charles A. "History, Archaeology and Implications for Jefferson County." Address presented to the Jefferson County Historical Society, 1984.

Kelly, A. R. “Prehistoric Cultures of Southeast: The Coordination of Southeast Archeological Studies." History, 4 (1941).

Klein, Michael J. “Interaction among the Woodland Societies in Western Virginia and Maryland,” in Upland Archeology in the East Symposium Number Six, February 25 to February 27, 1994. Richmond, VA: Archeological Society of Virginia, 1996.

McMichael, Edward V. Introduction to West Virginia Archeology. Morgantown: Geological and Economic Survey, 1963.

Pyle, Robert L. All That Remains: A West Virginia Archeologist’s Discoveries. Charleston, WV: Cannon Graphics, 1991.

Wall, Robert D. An Archeological Study of the Western Maryland Coal Region: The Prehistoric Resources. Baltimore: Maryland Geological Survey, 1981.

African American

Hulse, Charles A. The 1990-91 Jefferson County, West Virginia African-American Cemetery Survey. Submitted to: West Virginia Division of Culture and History Charleston, WV. Charles A. Hulse, Department of Social Sciences, Shepherd College, Shepherdstown, WV. James T. Surkamp, Research Associate with an Annotated Narrative of the African-American Community in Jefferson County, WV, by Hannah Geffert, Shepherd College July 1, 1991. Shepherd College Cultural Resource Management Report #16. Shepherstown, WV, 1991.

Bakerton

McDowell-Louden, Ellis E. Glen Haven: A Jefferson County Indian Village. (Videotape). SUNY-Binghamton: Jefferson County Oral & Visual History Association, Inc., 1990.

McDowell-Louden, Ellis E. "The Glen Haven Site: An Interim Report, 1980." West Virginia Archeologist, 32 (Fall, 1981): 49-50.

McDowell-Louden, Ellis E. Preliminary Report on the Glen Haven Site, West Virginia. Eastern States Archaeological Federation Bulletin No. 32. 1972.

McDowell-Loudan, Ellis E. “Methodology in Archaeology: What went wrong at Glen Haven." Curator (1981): 253-260.

Bardane

Hulse, Charles A. An Archaeological Survey of Artifact Concentration #2, Warm Springs Road, Jefferson County, West Virginia. Shepherd College Cultural Resource Management Report #12. Shepherdstown, West Virginia, 1991.

Hulse, Charles A. An Archaeological Survey of the Peter Burr House and Vicinity, Jefferson County, West Virginia. Shepherd College Cultural Resource Management Series #4. Shepherdstown, WV, 1988.

Charles Town

Bauxar, Deborah K. "Test Excavation of the Charles and Mildred Washington Grave Site." Magazine of the Jefferson County Historical Society, 43 (1977): 31-33.

Hulse, Charles A. Archaeological Investigations at the Charles Town Cemetery Site, Jefferson County, West Virginia. Shepherd College Cultural Resource Management Series #9. Shepherdstown, West Virginia, 1989.

Perry, Roger J. “The Graves of Charles and Mildred Washington." Magazine of the Jefferson County Historical Society, 43 (1977): 24-30.

Harpers Ferry

Borden, Anna C. Archeological Investigations of Lewis Wernwag's Sawmill, 46JF229, Virginius Island, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia . Graphics by John W. Ravenhorst ; John T. Eddins, research archeologist; Paul A. Shackel, principal investigator. Harpers Ferry, WV: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, [1995].

Building 38 / Tearney Building, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Jefferson County, West Virginia. Prepared by Susan L. Shufelt.. [Falls Church, Va.]: National Capital Team, Denver Service Center, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, [1982].

Building 40 / Richards Building, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Jefferson County, West Virginia. Prepared by David D. Ballard. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior/National Park Service, [1983].

Burk, Brett J. "An Armory Worker's Domestic Assemblage." In An Archeology of an Armory Worker's Household, Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Paul A. Shackel (ed.). Occasional Report No. 12. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1994.

Burk, Brett J. “Faunal Analysis of the Master Armorer's Assemblage.” In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry Armory and Commercial District, edited by Paul A. Shackel. Occasional Report No. 6:9.1-9.36. Washington, DC: National Park Service, National Capital Region, 1993.

Burk, Brett J. Zooarchaeological Evidence from Harpers Ferry. Paper presented, 1991. Society for Historical Archaeology, Richmond, Virginia, 1991.

Carpenter, Scott L., Robin D. Ziek, and John F. Pousson; John F. Pousson (ed.). Archeological Investigations: Visitor Transportation System, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, Applied Archeology Center, [1988].

Cotter. John L. Completion of Archeological Test at Corner of Arsenal Building June 7, 1960. Harpers Ferry, WV: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 1960.

Cotter, John L. Preliminary Archeological Investigations: Harper House Garden & Building #23, Arsenal Area at Shenandoah and High Streets. National Park Service. Harpers Ferry, WV: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 1959.

Cummings, Linda Scott, and Kathryn Puseman. "Pollen and Macrofloral Analysis on Samples from Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, West Virginia." In Domestic Responses to Nineteenth-Century Industrialization: An Archeology of Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Paul A. Shackel (ed.) Occasional Report No. 12. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1993, 8.1-8.31.

Fisher, Perry G. Historic Structures Report, Package 116: 1865-1910, Lots 2 and 3, Block B, Shenandoah Street, Park Buildings 32, 33, 33A, 34-35, and 36. Report on File, Archeology Division, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, and National Park Service / University of Maryland Cooperative Agreement, History Research Project, Baltimore, 1989.

Frye, Susan Winter and Carl Young Ravenhorst. Archeological Investigations on Virginius Island, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 1986-1987.

Halcin, Jill Y. (ed. and contrib.) and Paul Shackel (princ. invest.). Archeological Investigations at Building 37, Wager Lot 52: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Washington, DC: Regional Archeology Program, National Capital Region, National Park Service, [1992].

Halchin, Jill Yvonne and Paul A. Shackel. Regional Archeology Program (U.S.) Archeological views of the upper Wager Block, a domestic and commercial neighborhood in Harpers Ferry. Also known as Occasional report; no. 11. and Occasional report (Regional Archeology Program [U.S.]); #11. Washington, DC: Regional Archeology Program, National Capital Region, National Park Service, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, [1994].

Hannah, David Hardgrave. Archeological Excavations on Virginius Island, Harpers Ferry National Historic Park, 1966-1968. Harpers Ferry, WV: Printed by Harpers Ferry Job Corps Civilian Conservation Center, 1969.

Harpers Ferry National Historical Park: Historic Structures Report: Archeological Component. [Denver:] [National Park Service, Denver Service Center,] 1994.

Larrabee, Edward McMillan. Report of Exploratory Archaeological Excavations Conducted on the Lower Hall Island Rifle Factory, Harpers Ferry National Monument, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, From August 25 through August 29, 1959.

Larrabee, Edward McMillan. Rifle Works Archeological Report: Report of the Second Season of Exploratory Archeological Excavations Concluded at the U.S. Rifle Works, Lower Hall Island, Harpers Ferry National Monument, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, From June 23 through July 6, 1960.

Larrabee, Edward McMillan. Report of the Third Season of Exploratory Archeological Excavations Conducted at the U.S. Rifle Works, Lower Hall Island, Harpers Ferry National Monument, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, from 24 August through 10 November 1961.

Larsen, Eric. "Worker's Privilege: Metal Items from Park Building 48." In Domestic Responses to Nineteenth Century Industrialization: An Archeology of Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Paul A. Shackel (ed.). Occasional Report No. 12. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of Interior, 1994; 6.1-6.12.

Larsen, Eric L., and Michael T. Lucas. "Minding Your Own Business: The Harpers Ferry Hotel of the 1830s." In Archeological Views of the Upper Wager Block, a Domestic and Commercial Neighborhood in Harpers Ferry. Jill Y. Halchin (ed.). Occasional Report No. 11. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1994.

Lucas, Michael T. "An Armory Worker's Life: Glimpses of Industrial Life." In An Archeology of An Armory Worker's Household: Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Paul A. Shackel (ed.). Occasional Report No. 12. Washington, DC: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1994; 5.1-5.40.

Lucas, Michael T. "Ceramic Consumption in an Industrializing Community." In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives of Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District. Paul A. Shackel (ed.). Occasional Report No. 8. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1993; 8.1-8.38.

Lucas, Michael T. Consumer Behavior in an Industrializing Community: A View of the Industrialization Process in 19th Century Harpers Ferry. Paper presented, 1991 Society for Historical Archaeology, Richmond, Virginia, 1991.

Ravenshorst, Cari C. Young (ed.). Archeological Investigations in the Backyards of Park Buildings 32 to 36, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. The package contains 116 prehistoric occupations. Contributions by Jill K. Harris and Cari C. Young Ravenhorst; graphics by John W. Ravenhorst, and Cari C. Young Ravenhorst; Paul A. Shackel, principal investigator. Washington, DC: Regional Archeology Program, National Capital Region, National Park Service, 1994.

Rovner, Irwin. "Phytolith Analysis of Selected Soil Samples from Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia.” In Domestic Responses to Nineteenth-Century Industrialization: An Archeology of Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Paul A. Shackel (ed.). Occasional Report No. 12. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1994. 9.1-9.10.

Seidel, Ellen M. Archeological Excavations for Package no. 115: Buildings 3, 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, and Lot 55B, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Denver, CO: Northeast Team, Denver Service Center, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, [1985].

Seidel. Ellen M. Archeological Investigations on Virginius Island, 1977 to 1981: Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, Package No. 123-42. Rockville, MD: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Denver Service Center, Eastern Team, 1986.

Shackel, Paul A. “Archeology of an Industrial Town: Harpers Ferry and the New Order of Manufacturing.” Cultural Resources Management, 17 (1994): 16-19.

Shackel, Paul A. “Changing Meanings and Uses of the Landscape and the Built Environment.” In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District. Paul A. Shackel (ed.). Occasional Report No. 6. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1993. 5.1-5.24.

Skackel, Paul A. Culture Change and the New Technology: An Archaeology of the Early American Industrial Period. New York: Plenum Press, 1996.

Shackel, Paul A. (ed.), Brett Burk et al. (contrib.). Domestic Responses to Nineteenth-century Industrialization: an Archeology of Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Graphics by John Ravenhorst. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, National Capital Region, Regional Archeology Program, 1994.

Shackel, Paul A. Domestic Life in Industrializing Harpers Ferry. Paper presented, 1991 Society for Historical Archaeology, Richmond, Virginia, 1991.

Shackel, Paul A. (ed.) Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District. Occasional Report No. 6. Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: Department of the Interior, NationalPark Service, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 1993.

Shackel, Paul A. “Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Meanings and Uses of Material Goods in Lower Town Harpers Ferry.” In An Archaeology of Harpers Ferry's Commercial and Residential District. Paul A. Shackel and Susan E. Winter (eds.). Historical Archaeology, 28.4 (1994): 3-15.

Shackel, Paul A. “A Material Culture of Armory Workers.” In Domestic Responses to Nineteenth-Century Industrialization: an Archeology of Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Paul A. Shackel (ed.). Occasional Report No. 12. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1994. 10.1-10.7.

Shackel, Paul A. “Memorializing Landscapes and the Civil War in Harpers Ferry.” In Look to the Earth: An Archaeology of the Civil War. Clarence Grier and Susan E. Winter (eds.). Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1994. 256-270.

Shackel, Paul A. “Prospects for an Archaeology of the People without History.” In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District. Occasional Report No. 6. Harpers Ferry, WV: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 1993. 18.1-18.22.

Shackel, Paul A. “Town Planning and Nineteenth-Century Industrial Life in Harpers Ferry.” In The Archaeology of Nineteenth-Century Virginia. Theodore R. Reinhart and J. H. Sprinkle, Jr. (eds.) Council of Virginia Archaeologists, Special Publication No. 35. Archeological Society of Virginia, 1995. Shackel, Paul A., and David Larsen. “Labor and Racism in Early Industrial Harpers Ferry.” In Lines That Divide. James Dell, Robert Paynter, and Stephen Mrozowski (eds.). Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 1995.

Shackel, Paul A., and Cari YoungRavenhorst. “Summary of Excavations at Park Building 48.” In Domestic Responses to Nineteenth-Century Industrialization: An Archeology of Park Building 48, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Paul A. Shackel (ed.). Occasional Report No. 12. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1994. 3.1-3.17.

Shackel, Paul A., Cari YoungRavenhorst, and Susan E. Winter. “The Archaeological Record: Stratigraphy, Features, and Material Culture.” In Interdisciplinary Investigations of Domestic Life in Government Block B: Perspectives on Harpers Ferry's Armory and Commercial District. Occasional Report No. 6. Harpers Ferry, WV: Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, 1993. 4.1-4.85.

Shackel, Paul A. and Susan E. Winter (eds.). “An Archaeology of Harpers Ferry's Commercial and Residential District.” Historical Archaeology, 28.4 (1994): 16-24.

YoungRavenhorst, Carrie. “Early Woodland Occupations at Harpers Ferry,” in Upland Archeology in the East Symposium Number Six, February 25 to February 27, 1994. Richmond, VA: Archeological Society of Virginia, 1996.

Leetown

Hulse, Charles A. An Archaeological Survey of "Mt. Misery" National Fisheries Center, Leetown, West Virginia. Shepherd College Cultural Resource Management Report #11. Shepherdstown, West Virginia, 1990.

Hulse, Charles A. A Phase I Archaeological Survey of a Proposed Barrier-Free Fishing Complex (USFWS) National Fisheries Center, Leetown, West Virginia. Shepherd College Cultural Resource Management Report #17. Shepherdstown, WV, 1992.

Hulse, Charles A. Results of an Intensive Phase I Archaeological Survey near the Hopewell Bluff II Site, National Fisheries Center, Leetown, West Virginia. Shepherd College Cultural Resource Management Report #18. Shepherdstown, WV, 1992.

Hulse, Charles A. A Synopsis of Phase I Archaeological Research Associated with the 1989-90 Fishpont Rehabilitation Project, Leetown, West Virginia. Shepherd College Cultural Resource Management Report #13. Shepherdstown, WV, 1991.

Loudoun Heights

Winter, Susan E., and Dennis E. Frye. Loudoun Heights Archeological and Historical Resources Study. Harpers Ferry National Historical Park. Occasional Report No. 8. Washington, DC: National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1992.

Maryland Heights

Frye, Susan Winter and Dennis Frye. Maryland Heights: Archeological and Historical Resources Study. Occasional Report No. 2, National Park Service, Washington

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